Exploring Namibian Landforms Through Images of Earth from Space

The Copernicus Sentinel-2 mission has captured a breathtaking image that resembles the surface of Mars but is actually the stunning terrain of northwest Namibia. This false-color image, taken in April 2024, unveils the remarkable landscape of the Kunene and Erongo regions. The image allows viewers to zoom in and explore its full 10 m resolution or click on the circles for further information.

The Ugab River cuts through the center of the image, forming a winding, white line that serves as a clear demarcation between the Kunene and Erongo regions. While appearing as a barren desert landscape, the near-infrared channel of Copernicus Sentinel-2 highlights the sparse vegetation in this extremely arid area. By focusing on areas with red patches of vegetation along the Ugab River’s course, scientists can study the critical water resources that support diverse wildlife, including the rare desert elephant. Despite being ephemeral and flowing above the surface only a few days each year, the subterranean water of the Ugab River is vital for sustaining life in this harsh environment.

Aside from its captivating beauty, this region of Namibia also offers valuable insights into the history of tectonic plate movement. The image showcases several prominent geological features that dominate the landscape. One such feature is the Brandberg Massif, a circular, light brown formation on the right side of the image. Standing at an impressive height of 2500 meters, this granite mountain is one of Namibia’s highest points. Scientists believe that it formed during the Early Cretaceous rifting that led to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean.

Another remarkable site visible in shades of blue within the Ugab River valley is the Zerrissene turbidite system. This system comprises folded sedimentary rocks and spans nearly 2700 square kilometers. Its presence hints at significant geological processes that have shaped the region over time.

In the bottom center of the image lies the Messum Crater, recognizable by its ring-shaped rim. Contrary to its appearance, this crater was not formed by a meteorite or asteroid impact. Instead, it is the result of a collapsed volcano. Measuring over 20 kilometers in diameter, the Messum Crater consists of two concentric circles of hills encircling a wide, flat basin. Its unique formation provides scientists with valuable insights into volcanic activity and the geological history of the region.

While the landscape dominates this image, signs of human presence are minimal. The straight, white lines crossing the landscape indicate roads and serve as a gentle reminder that this region is not entirely uninhabited. However, the vastness and remote nature of this area allow for moments of solitude and a deep connection with nature.

The captivating image captured by Copernicus Sentinel-2 immortalizes the northwest region of Namibia, showcasing its extraordinary beauty and geological significance. From the ephemeral nature of the Ugab River to the rugged contours of the Brandberg Massif and the enigmatic Messum Crater, this image serves as a window into the Earth’s history. Namibia’s stunning landscape offers scientists and researchers an opportunity to gain insights into the tectonic processes that have shaped our planet and the delicate balance between nature and human presence in remote regions.